A nova Philips Gigante holandesa de eletrônicos agora mira em hospitais e clnicas e transformasetor de saúde na prioridade mundial

Terra - Dinheiro na Web: A nova Philips Gigante holandesa de eletrônicos agora mira em hospitais e clnicas e transformasetor de saúde na prioridade mundial

Amartya Sen and the capability approach

The Frontline Magazine
Reference from Anna Ruggiero
De: Equity, Health & Human Development [mailto:EQUIDAD@LISTSERV.PAHO.ORG] Em nome de Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)
Enviada em: quinta-feira, 24 de fevereiro de 2005 12:34
Para: EQUIDAD@LISTSERV.PAHO.ORG
Assunto: [EQ] Measuring Human Development - The Sen difference
Volume 22 - Issue 04, Feb. 12 - 25, 2005


Website: http://www.frontlineonnet.com


This issue with several articles on Amartya Sen and the capability approach.

“….Indeed, the test of orderliness in a country is not the number of millionaires it owns, but the absence of starvation among its masses….”

- Mahatma Gandhi, Economic and Moral Progress, December 22, 1921

“…Sen thinks Rawls' theory to be limited from the point of view of human diversity; it does not go deep enough to capture some blatant inequalities in society. Human beings differ from one another in a number of ways. There are, first and foremost, differences in personal characteristics such as health, age, sex and genetic endowments.


Human beings also vary from one another in the types of external environment and social conditions they live in. These different elements of human diversity crucially affect the ways in which resources such as income and wealth are transformed into relevant capabilities. A physically handicapped person, for example, might be in need of more resources to be mobile than an able-bodied person. Or, improving girls' literacy level in most poor countries might require much more than just spreading some resources around; it might, among other things, require changing the mindset of parents and social customs. Or, increasing the social and political participation of traditionally oppressed groups would demand efforts more than just providing access to resources; it might require tackling some entrenched social, economic and political practices and structures.


Since Rawls' theory works with the assumption of a liberal society with citizens having more or less equal capacities, Sen points out, inequalities and disadvantages arising from human diversities are either postponed to be settled by legislative or judicial procedures or at the most relegated as issues falling in the domain of charity…..”

The Sen difference: by John M. Alexander
Operationalising the Capabilities Approach: by Flavio Comim
Interview: Amartya Sen
Beyond liberalism?: by Toon Vandevelde
Measuring human development: by John M. Alexander and Koen Decancq

Maimonides y de Hipocrates

Debo corregir un error en el texto.

De Hipocrates a Maimonides:
"Carta del Dr.Jose Alberto Itzigsohn: educador y psiquiatra argentino, pionero de la Facultad de Psicología de la UBA y traductor al español de los trabajos de Vigotzky y Luria. Analista internacional de la realidad política y social contemporánea.

"Muy interesante y justa la comparacion que Ud hace entre los juramentos de Maimonides y de Hipocrates, pero, lamentablemente, incurre Ud en un error historico.
Maimonides no fue expulsado por la inquisicion, estamos hablando del siglo XII, sino por la intolerancia de una secta musulmana originaria de Africa del Norte, los Almohades, que en esa epoca habia conquistado los reinos musulmanes de Espanya,
Espero que pueda Ud subsanar ese error, para que el resto de su mensaje conserva su evidente valor.
Cordialmente. Jose Alberto Itzigsohn"

Dr.Alejandro Wajner

De Hipócrates a Maimónides: el necesario salto dialéctico médico

De: Alejandro Wajner [mailto:reina630ahw@yahoo.com.ar]
Enviada em: quarta-feira, 23 de fevereiro de 2005 16:54
Para: aloyzio.achutti@terra.com.br
Assunto: De Hipocrates a Maimonides: el salto dialectico medico necesario
De Hipócrates a Maimónides: ( primera parte)el necesario salto dialéctico médico:
Del deber virtuoso al compromiso amoroso, de lo posible a lo necesario, del objeto ideal al deseo solidario.

Colegas:
Juramos el discurso ideal de Hipócrates, el griego, desconociendo el juramento de Maimónides, el sabio médico judio.
Ejemplo de amor, compromiso y dedicación a la profesión de sanación, de consejos ayudantes en el conocimiento corporal y cultural de los pueblos.
Exiliado por la intolerancia cristiana hegemónica y su rama inquisidora, pacifista y médico del Mundo: de musulmanes, judíos y cristianos.
Incorpora al Otro en su discurso y praxis: al amor a la vida, a los cuidados por los otros, al compromiso con los pacientes, a la humildad frente a la inmensa ignorancia de la humanidad, al despojo de la soberbia del poder de las palabras y los pensamientos.

Escuchemos- leamos ambos discursos:
----------------------------------------------------------
Oración médica de Maimónides
" Llena mi alma de amor por el Arte y tus criaturas.

No permitas que la sed de lucro y la ansiedad de gloria influyan en el ejercicio de mi profesión, pues como enemigos de la verdad y el amor al prójimo, fácilmente podrían alucinarme y apartarme del noble deber de hacer bien a tus hijos.

Sostén las fuerzas de mi corazón para que siempre se halle presto a servir a ricos y a pobres, a amigos y a enemigos, a buenos y a malvados.

Haz que yo no vea en quien sufra sino al prójimo, que mi espíritu permanezca siempre claro junto al lecho del paciente, sin pensamiento alguno extraño capaz de distraerlo, para que recuerde todo cuanto la ciencia y la experiencia le hayan enseñado, pues son grandes y sublimes las investigaciones científicas cuyo objeto es conservar la salud y la vida de tus criaturas.

Induce a mis enfermos a confiar en mí y en mi profesión, a obedecer mis prescripciones y consejos. Aleja de ellos la turba de charlatanes y de intrusos, cuyas miles de opiniones, inspiradas por la vanidad y por la presunción de saberlo todo, los hacen casta peligrosa que frecuentemente frustra las mejores intenciones del arte y conduce hacia la muerte de tus criaturas.

Si los ignorantes me critican y me mofan, hazme una coraza del amor al arte que me conserve invulnerable para preservar en la verdad a despecho del prestigio, de la edad y de la fama de mis enemigos.

¡ Dios mío!: concédeme paciencia e indulgencia ante los enfermos tercos y alcriados. Hazme siempre moderado, insaciable solamente en el amor a mi ciencia.

Aleja de mí la pretensión de saber y de poderlo todo. Dame fuerza, voluntad y ocasión para acrecentar incesantemente mis conocimientos y descubrir en mi saber los errores ayer no sospechados, pues es grande el arte y en él puede penetrar más y más el espíritu del hombre."

Moisés ben Maimón 1135-1204
---------------------------
Juramento de Hipocrates

"Por Apolo médico y Esculapio, juro: por Higeia, Panacea y todos los dioses y diosas a quienes pongo por testigos de la observancia de este voto, que me obligo a cumplir lo que ofrezco con todas mis fuerzas y voluntad.

Tributaré a mi maestro de Medicina igual respeto que a los autores de mis días, partiendo con ellos mi fortuna y socorriéndoles en caso necesario; trataré a sus hijos como mis hermanos, y si quisieran aprender la ciencia, se las enseñaré desinteresadamente y sin otro género de recompensa.
Instruiré con preceptos, lecciones habladas y demás métodos de enseñanza a mis hijos, a los de mis maestros y a los discípulos que me sigan bajo el convenio y juramento que determinan la la ley médica y a nadie más.

Fijaré el régimen de los enfermos del modo que le sea más conveniente, según mis facultades y mi conocimiento, evitando todo mal e injusticia.

No me avendré a pretensiones que afecten a la administración de venenos, ni persuadiré a persona alguna con sugestiones de esa especie; me abstendré igualmente de suministrar a mujeres embarazadas pesarios o abortivos.

Mi vida la pasaré y ejerceré mi profesión con inocencia y pureza.

No practicaré la talla, dejando esa operación y otras a los especialistas que se dedican a practicarla ordinariamente.

Cuando entre en una casa no llevaré otro propósito que el bien y la salud de los enfermos, cuidando mucho de no cometer intencionalmente faltas injuriosas o acciones corruptoras y evitando principalmente la seducción de las mujeres jóvenes, libres o esclavas. Guardaré reserva acerca de lo que oiga o vea en la sociedad y no será preciso que se divulgue, sea o no del dominio de mi profesión, considerando el ser discreto como un deber en semejantes casos.

Si observo con fidelidad mi juramento, séame concedido gozar felizmente mi vida y mi profesión, honrado siempre entre los hombres; si lo quebranto y soy perjuro, caiga sobre mí, la suerte adversa".

Hipócrates de Cos (460-377 a.C.)
------------------------------
Comentarios críticos:
El pensamiento griego hegemónico propone:
Jurar a los Dioses- dueños de la sabiduría y los destinos humanos con actuar virtuosamente: con fuerza y voluntad, respeto y pureza para gozar con la honra de la sociedad. Hay un planteo pastoral ( Foucault).

El de Maimónides dispone el amor al arte y a los Otros, el camino de la Verdad: la sabiduría: Dios - en hacer el bien. Un virtuoso del conocimiento, la humildad, la bondad.


Colegas:
Propongo que los médicos comprometamos nuestra praxis con este discurso humanista y utópico, superador dialéctico del griego.

El médico como constructor de conocimiento corporal liberador, ayudante y guía de los que piden " una mano" protectora- sanadora.
Humilde , despojado, abierto, rebelde, crítico.

Ejemplos:
Maimónides-Chejov-Salvador Allende-
...

© Dr.Alejandro Wajner, 2005

Crítica Medicina:
un espacio creativo con reflexiones críticas
para construir la Medicina Social.
http://www.geocities.com/critica_medicina
http://www.critica_medicina.inet.pt

Neglected diseases -- Rawlins 330 (7488): 376 -- BMJ

Neglected diseases -- Rawlins 330 (7488): 376 -- BMJ

How can health care systems effectively deal with the major health care needs of homeless people?

Homeless, Helath, Summary
Homeless people have poorer physical and mental health than the general population, and often have problems obtaining suitable health care. This synthesis has critically reviewed the international literature pertaining to the health care needs of homeless people in countries with relatively well-developed health care systems. It does not deal with the causes and prevention of homelessness, but focuses on the evidence of effective treatment for the types of ill-health from which homeless people often suffer.

Forum Social - Democracia Brasileira

Lawrence Lessig
Referred by Catherine Coleman

Welcome to IHSUMMIT.com

Welcome to IHSUMMIT.com

Global Chronic Diseases

Derek Yach, Stephen R. Leeder, John Bell, Barry Kistnasamy
Chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, cancer, and respiratory disease, account for more than 50% of all deaths worldwide. Tobacco use, poor diet, and
physical inactivity are among the major risk factors contributing to this disease burden. Yet even as
the harmful impact of these diseases on health and economies strengthens and spreads globally, there
is still only limited public health, financial, and political support for programs aimed at their prevention.
One reason for this neglect has been the belief by governments and philanthropists that chronic
diseases are afflictions of affluent populations who have led a life of sloth. In reality, these diseases
are now global problems that have been driven by profound changes in consumption patterns.
Ubiquitous marketing of tobacco and unhealthy food introduces children to (and in the case of
tobacco, addicts them to) lifestyles that greatly elevate their disease risk. Rapid changes in transport,
work, and leisure activities have led to a global collapse in physical activity levels. Overall,
unhealthy choices have become the easy choices.....
One of the authors (Stephen Leeder) coordinates an international research on Economic Impact of CVD in Developing Countries, where Mario Maranhao, Maria Ines Reinert Azambuja and AA, are working on the segment of Brazil.

CataList, the official catalog of LISTSERV lists

CataList, the official catalog of LISTSERV lists
Fiz download do programa lite e vou enta expedir os alerta AMICOR usando este recurso

Alcohol and public health

The Lancet:
Alcohol and public health
Robin Room, Thomas Babor, Jögen Rehm
Alcoholic beverages, and the problems they engender, have been familiar fixtures in human societies since the beginning of recorded history. We review advances in alcohol science in terms of three topics: the epidemiology of alcohol's role in health and illness; the treatment of alcohol use disorders in a public health perspective; and policy research and options. Research has contributed substantially to our understanding of the relation of drinking to specific disorders, and has shown that the relation between alcohol consumption and health outcomes is complex and multidimensional. Alcohol is causally related to more than 60 different medical conditions. Overall, 4% of the global burden of disease is attributable to alcohol, which accounts for about as much death and disability globally as tobacco and hypertension. Treatment research shows that early intervention in primary care is feasible and effective, and a variety of behavioural and pharmacological interventions are available to treat alcohol dependence. This evidence suggests that treatment of alcohol-related problems should be incorporated into a public health response to alcohol problems. Additionally, evidence-based preventive measures are available at both the individual and population levels, with alcohol taxes, restrictions on alcohol availability, and drinking-driving countermeasures among the most effective policy options. Despite the scientific advances, alcohol problems continue to present a major challenge to medicine and public health, in part because population-based public health approaches have been neglected in favour of approaches oriented to the individual that tend to be more palliative than preventative.

GEO Data Portal - The Online Environmental Database: UNEP.Net, the Environment Network

GEO Data Portal - The Online Environmental Database: UNEP.Net, the Environment Network: "The GEO Data Portal is the authoritative source for data sets used by UNEP and its partners in the Global Environment Outlook (GEO) report and other integrated environment assessments. Its online database holds more than 450 different variables, as national, subregional, regional and global statistics or as geospatial data sets (maps), covering themes like Freshwater, Population, Forests, Emissions, Climate, Disasters, Health and GDP. Display them on-the-fly as maps, graphs, data tables or download the data in different formats."

Mechanisms of Hair Graying

Science -- Nishimura et al. 307 (5710): 720: "Mechanisms of Hair Graying: Incomplete Melanocyte Stem Cell Maintenance in the Niche
Emi K. Nishimura,1* Scott R. Granter,2 David E. Fisher1* Hair graying is the most obvious sign of aging in humans, yet its mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we used melanocyte-tagged transgenic mice and aging human hair follicles to demonstrate that hair graying is caused by defective self-maintenance of melanocyte stem cells. This process is accelerated dramatically with Bcl2 deficiency, which causes selective apoptosis of melanocyte stem cells, but not of differentiated melanocytes, within the niche at their entry into the dormant state. Furthermore, physiologic aging of melanocyte stem cells was associated with ectopic pigmentation or differentiation within the niche, a process accelerated by mutation of the melanocyte master transcriptional regulator Mitf"